What is an "indictment"?

An "indictment" is a formal accusation that someone has committed a crime, typically issued by a grand jury. This legal term plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, as it represents the government's official decision to prosecute an individual based on evidence presented. It signifies that there is sufficient evidence to charge the person with a crime, although it does not determine guilt or innocence—that is decided in a court of law.

The other choices focus on different concepts that are not related to the legal definition of an indictment. A formal statement of innocence does not align with the idea of an indictment, since an indictment is inherently an accusation rather than a declaration of innocence. A financial transaction pertains to the exchange of money or goods, which is unrelated to legal proceedings or accusations. Lastly, a legal defense strategy refers to the methods employed by a defendant and their attorney to contest the charges against them, rather than the act of formally accusing someone of a crime. Hence, an indictment specifically involves the act of making an accusation of wrongdoing, making that answer the most accurate.